What is the distinction between competence and per

参考答案: Chomsky distinguished the two terms of competence and performance. A language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic competence. Performance refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.
Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as LANGUE and PAROLE. While parole constitutes the immediately accessible data, the linguist’s proper object is the langue of each community; the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual by his upbringing in society and on the basis which he speaks and understands his language.
Chomsky pointed out that his distinction between competence and performance is related to the langue-parole distinction of Saussure; but he does not accept the view of seeing langue as a mere systematic inventory of items. According to Chomsky, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performances the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user. Saussure believed that language was a social product and while Chomsky studied competence and performance on the basis that "linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker- listener, in a completely homogeneous speech-community who knows its language perfectly". He considered competence a property of the mind of each individual. Saussure studied language from the sociological viewpoint while Chomsky studied language by taking the psychological viewpoint.
答案解析: [解析] 此题考查了索绪尔所提出的Langue(语言)和Parole(言语)，以及乔姆斯基所提出的competence(语言能力)和performance(语言运用)。乔姆斯基主要从心理语言学的