参考答案: The ability to change reserve requirements is a powerful tool which has the advantage and limitation, a central bank uses it infrequently, as slight adjustment of required reserve ratio, even A% or 0. E% will cause great influence on finance and credit. So a central bank prefers to use open market operations to change reserves rather than reserve requirements. It has been argued that changing reserve requirement is a too powerful tool and that its use as a policy instrument would destabilize the banking system. The institutional arrangements through which the banking system adjusts to changing levels of reserves might not respond as efficiently to changing reserve requirements. Another advantage of open market operations is that they can be conducted quietly, while changing reserve requirements requires a public announcement. A central bank feels that some of its actions would be opposed if public attention was directed toward them. Now let us see more details of advantages and disadvantages of reserve requirement. (A) Advantages of the reserve requirement We will now outline some of the advantages of using the reserve requirement tool relative to the use of open market operations and discount rate. a. Speed of impact. Changes in the reserve requirement induce banks to make balance sheet adjustments quite rapidly. When the central bank changes r, thousands of banks and thrift institutions experience an immediate change in their excess reserve positions. Therefore, changes in interest rates, credit conditions, and the monetary aggregates occur relatively quickly. These contrasts with open market operations, which impinge immediately only on those banks in which government securities dealers, maintain accounts. Some time may elapse before the impact of open market operations extends to the majority of banks. Likewise, a change in the central bank’s discount rate may not exert any immediate impact on those institutions not currently borrowing or contemplating borrowing at the discount rate. Therefore, if economic conditions require immediate action, use of the reserve requirement tool may be preferable to the central bank’s other instruments. b. Neutrality a related argument is that the reserve requirement instrument is less discriminatory across depository institutions than are the other instruments of Federal Reserve policy. The impact of reserve requirement changes is spread across all banks and thrift institutions uniformly. One may therefore prefer the use of this installment on the basis that many more institutions are influenced in a similar way than is the case with the other instruments. c. More straightforward announcement effect. Because this instrument is not employed frequently, and because changes in the reserve requirement are typically not made for purely technical reasons (unlike the use of open market operations for defensive purposes and changes in the discount rate to align it with other yields), changes in the reserve requirement are usually easy to interpret. A cut in the reserve requirement can usually be interpreted to signal an easing in the basic posture of monetary policy. Hence, if the central bank strongly desires to communicate a policy change to the public, this tool may be superior to the other tools. However, it is difficult to see how this instrument would be as effective as a public statement of policy intent. The use of any type of sign language in place of verbal language is difficult to rationalize. d. Potential use in an emergency At times when other tools cannot do the job, changes in the reserve requirement may be needed to neutralize major changes in the monetary base. In time of war, for instance, the government generally finances an increased level of expenditures by issuing short-term and long-term securities. To assist the Treasury in financing the effort without incurring exorbitant interest expense, the central bank may help by purchasing significantly larger than normal quantities of securities on the open market. Although this helps the Treasury, it also paves the way for an inflationary expansion of credit and money, because it directly expands bank reserves and the monetary base. In this case, the open market securities purchase could be combined with an increase in reserve requirements to avoid triggering a multiple expansion of deposits in the banking system. That is, as the monetary base is expanded by the central bank’s security purchases, the money supply multiplier would be reduced by the increase in required reserves and r. In this way, money supply growth could be limited to a rate consistent with the central bank’s overall objectives. (B) Disadvantages of the reserve requirement Many bankers would like to see the central bank abandon the use of the reserve requirement instrument as a regular tool of monetary policy. And many economists would agree, primarily on the basis that in most instances, the central bank’s objectives can be achieved more easily and smoothly via other policy instruments. A couple of points have been raised in support of the view that the level of reserve requirement should remain fixed over time and that the central bank should accomplish its aims through its other policy tools. We will now examine the disadvantages of the reserve requirement tool.
第2题: [单项选择]根据《刑事诉讼法》及司法解释的规定,经法院通知,证人没有正当理由不出庭作证的,法院可以强制其到庭作证。下列人员中,属于这一规定适用范围的是()。
A. 被告人的兄弟姐妹
B. 被告人的配偶
C. 被告人的父母
D. 被告人的子女
参考答案:A
答案解析:
经人民法院通知,证人没有正当理由不出庭作证的,人民法院可以强制其到庭,但是被告人的配偶、父母、子女除外。
第3题:[单选题] 心脏停止跳动后,只有()地迅速抢救,救活的可能才较大。
A.迅速
B.及时
C.医院
D.分秒必争
参考答案:D
第4题: [单项选择]Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A. Because it’s interesting.
B. Because it’s enjoyable.
C. Because it’s economical.
D. Because it’s practical.
参考答案:D
第5题: [单项选择]用二氧化碳为介质提取挥发油的方法()
A. 分馏法
B. 超临界萃取法
C. 渗漉法
D. 压榨法
E. 升华法
参考答案:B
第6题:[单选题]强令违章冒险作业导致发生重大伤亡事故或者造成其他严重后果的,处( )以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
A.3年以下
B.3到7年
C.5年以下
D.5年以上
参考答案:C
第7题: [单项选择]症见月经量多,色淡,少腹冷痛,舌淡苔白,脉沉细无力。治疗应首选( )
A. 侧柏叶
B. 艾叶
C. 白及
D. 三七
参考答案:B
第8题:[单选题]一般场所必须使用额定漏电动作电流不大于( ),额定漏电动作时间应不大于( )的漏电保护器。
A.30mA
B.50mA
C.0.1s
D.0.2s
参考答案:A
第9题:[简答题]直肠肛管疾病的检查方法?
参考答案:检查体位:①左侧卧位;②膝胸位;③截石位;④蹲位;⑤弯腰前俯位
第10题: [单项选择]下列哪种情况下FEV1最低?()
A. 哮喘病人发病时
B. 健康个体
C. 哮喘病人用过β2受体激动剂后
D. 支气管组胺激发试验后
参考答案:A
第11题:[单选题]下列人员中一定不能予以医师执业注册的是( )
A. 受行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止不满两年的
B. 不具有完全民事行为能力的
C. 受过吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的
D. 受过吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止已满两年但不满三年的
E. 受过刑事处罚的
参考答案:B
第12题:[单选题] 某合资企业推销员甲,推销本厂沙发靠垫,价格在10至15元之间浮动。在与一百货商场协商价格时,以15元价格卖给该商场1万个沙发靠垫,然后要求商场在写收条时,一律将单价写成每个10元,并将多余货款占为己有。甲的行为构成( )。
A.非国家工作人员受贿罪
B.侵占罪
C.挪用资金罪
D.职务侵占罪
参考答案:D
第13题: [单项选择]药品生产企业必须具备必要的条件,遵循必要的行为规则因为它是
A. 保证药品质量的一个前位关键环节,承担着保证药品质量的首要责任
B. 保证药品质量的一个前位关键环节,为了产品质量,必须这样
C. 鉴于药品生产企业的特点需求
D. 鉴于药品生产企业的GMP认证的需要
E. 保证药品生产企业的实施GMP的需要
参考答案:A
第14题: [判断题]烧结矿汽却过程中产生的热废汽温度很高,可以通过热风烧结回收余热。
参考答案:对
第15题:[判断题]( )软钎料的强度在20~100MpA、,软钎料的强度在200 MpA、以上。
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第16题: [单项选择]凡由硅酸盐水泥熟料、6-15%混合材料、适量石膏磨细制成的水硬性胶凝材料称为()。
A. 硅酸盐水泥
B. 普通硅酸盐水泥
C. 矿渣硅酸盐水泥
D. 粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥
参考答案:B
第17题:[单选题]出现应对解锁而未解锁的白光带时,应当按照()进行登记
A.行车事故
B.设备故障
C.不登记
参考答案:B
第18题:[单选题]1155.处理制动管故障时,连接处紧固旋入部分不得少于()。
A.4扣
B.B 3扣
C.2扣
D.1扣
参考答案:A
第19题: [判断题]在萃取分离时,分配比越大,体积比越大,萃取率越高。
参考答案:错
第20题: [单项选择]上述牙中牙冠颊舌径大于近远中径的牙是()
A. 上颌第一前磨牙
B. 上颌第二前磨牙
C. 上颌尖牙
D. 下颌第一前磨牙
E. 上颌第一磨牙
参考答案:A
第21题:[单选题]①这世界充满生命活力,姹紫嫣红,千姿百态,万类霜天竞自由②没有人会喜欢只有灰色的世界③也正因为有了思想的高贵、纯粹,纷繁的世界才不至于俗不可耐④正因为有了生活的五彩缤纷,理论的灰色才不显得死寂⑤灰色也只有在和其他色彩搭配时,才能显示它的普适性,显示它的高贵和纯粹。因此,灰色又必须链接多彩的世界⑥多彩保证了活力,而灰色提升着品位。这也就是和谐将以上6个句子重新排列,语序正确的是( )。
A.②⑤①④③⑥
B.②③④⑥⑤①
C.①⑤②④③⑥
D.⑤①②④③⑥
参考答案:A
本语段借灰色与其他色彩的关系来阐明灰色理论与多彩生活的关系。②“没有人会喜欢只有灰色的世界”,与其他句子都连接不上,故为首句;⑤阐述灰色对其他色彩的依存,内容上紧承首句,且有关联词“也只有”与首句中的“只有”照应,因此⑤为第二句;①的“这世界”紧承⑤“多彩的世界”而来;在指出了世界多彩的特点后,④③阐述灰色理论与多彩世界的依存关系,根据“正因为”和“也正因为”判断④应该在③前面。“多彩保证了活力,而灰色提升着品位。这也就是和谐”是一个总结句,故排在最后。本题选A。
第22题:[判断题]44.A于二次回路的标号,按线的性质、用途进行编号叫相A编号法。( )回路编号法
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:B
第23题: [单项选择]按照项目周期对项目进行监测,其中,项目运营阶段的监测是( )。
A. 从开工建设到竣工验收
B. 从投产达产到正常运营
C. 从可行性研究到项目开
D. 从项目立项到项目开工
参考答案:B
第24题:[多选题] 党的执政能力建设关系党的建设和中国特色社会主义事业的 全局,必须把提高( )作为各级领导班子建设的核心内容 抓紧抓好。
A..领导水平
B.领导能力
C.执政能力
D.拒腐防变能力
参考答案:AC
第25题:[判断题]使用安卓Android操作系统手机上网,在设置里的WLAN中搜索无线信号。
A.正确
B.错误
参考答案:A
第26题:[多选题]消防技术服务机构和从业人员,应当依法获得相应的( )。
A.资质
B.职能
C.资格
D.权利
参考答案:AC
第27题: [单项选择]
《商君书》记载:“末事不禁,则技巧之人利,而游食者众之谓也。故农之用力最苦,而赢利少,不如商贾、技巧之人。苟能令商贾、技巧之人无繁(无繁:不那么多),则欲国之无富,不可得也。”根据材料判断,作者认为()
①应保护小农经济
②要重视工商业
③要关注社会公平
④应倡导“重义轻利”
A. ①②
B. ①③
C. ①④
D. ②③
参考答案:B
答案解析:从“农之用力最苦,而赢利少,不如商贾、技巧之人”可以看出,农与工商之间的收入不平等;从“苟能令商贾、技巧之人无繁(无繁:不那么多),则欲国之无富,不可得也”一语可以看出,作者主张减少工商业从业人员,注
第28题: [单项选择]专业设置步骤中,不包括()。
A. 开展社会调研
B. 职业分析
C. 确定专业培养目标
D. 教育资源分析
参考答案:B
第29题: [名词解释]焦距
参考答案:光线穿过透镜汇聚成焦点,焦点至镜头中心的距离即为该镜头的焦距。
第30题: [单项选择]在下列溶液中,BaSO4的溶解度最大的是()。
A. 1mol/L的H2SO4
B. 2mol/L的H2SO4
C. 纯水
D. 0.1mol/L的H2SO4
参考答案:C
答案解析:
根据同离子效应,在难溶电解质中,加入与其具有相同离子的强电解质时,将抑制弱电解质的电离。
第31题:[单选题]中队(站)值班员在发出熄灯信号前( )分钟,发出准备就寝信号,督促全体人员做好就寝准备。
A.5
B.10
C.15
D.20
参考答案:B
第32题:[多选题]扑救大跨度大空间建筑常见的“危险”有( )。
A.建构倒塌埋压
B.火势突变围困
C.火场迷失方向
D.爆炸(中毒)伤害
参考答案:ABCD
第33题:[单选题]变电站内现场二次回路检测宜使用( )工作票。
A.变电第一种
B.变电第二种
C.配电第一种
D.配电第二种
参考答案:B
第34题:[多选题] 绝缘靴、绝缘手套等安全用品,发现有( )等现象禁止使用。 (1分)
A.漏气
B.裂损
C.编号
D.商标
参考答案:AB
第35题:[单选题]通风机转动的方向正确与否,可以从( )大小来判断。
A.电流
B.风量
C.声音
D.电压
参考答案:B
第36题:[简答题]一级动火在首次动火时,各级审批人和( )均应到现场检查防火安全措施是否正确完备,测定可燃气体、易燃液体的可燃蒸汽含量是否合格,并在监护下做明火试验,确无问题后方可动火。
参考答案:略
第37题: [单项选择]重庆6号线客室门的供电电压是()
A. AC36V
B. DC110V
C. AC220V
参考答案:B
第38题:[单选题]钢轨预打磨应在新钢轨上道使用后尽快进行,一般不宜超过( )通过总质量。
A.5Mt
B.10Mt
C.15Mt
D.20Mt
E.20T
F.30T
参考答案:B
《普速铁路线路修理规则》第4.12.3条第1点